The Book on Military Expeditions

Narrated 'Imran bin Husain: That the Prophet (ﷺ) ransomed two men for the Muslims with a man from the idolaters. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. The paternal uncle of Abu Al-Muhallab's name is 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Amr, and they also say it was Muhawiyah bin 'Amr. And Abu Qilabah's name is 'Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Jarmi (narrator in the chain) This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet(ﷺ) and others. It is for the Imam to decide to be generous with whom he wills among the captives, or to kill whom he wills among them, or to ransom whom he wills among them. Some of the people of knowledge preferred killing over ransoming. Al-Awzai' said: It has been conveyed to me. that this Ayah is abrogated: Thereafter (is the time) either for generosity (to free them without ranson) or ransom (47:4). It was abrogated by: Kill them wherever you find them (2:191). This was narrated to us by Hannad (who said): Ibn Al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Al-Awza'i. Ishaq bin Mansur said: I said to Ahmad: 'When the captives are captured' is killing or ransoming better to you?' He said: 'If they are able to ransom' then there is no harm in it. And if they kill, then I do not know of any harm in it.' Ishaq said: Wiping them out is better to me, unless it is someone well-known, so that it is hoped that a large amount will be obtained for him.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: That a woman was found killed in one of the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) rebuked that, and he prohibited killing women and children. There are narrations on this topic from Buraidah and Rabah - and they say he was Riyah - bin Ar-Rabi', Al-Aswad bin Sari', Ibn 'Abbas, and As-Sa'b bin Jaththamah. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) and others. They disliked killing women and children. This is the view of Sufyan Ath-Thawri and Ash-Shafi'i. Some of the people of knowledge made an exception for killing the women who had children with them during night attacks, this is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq, they permitted it in night attacks.

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: I was informed by As-Sa'b bin Jaththamah who said: I said: O Messenger of Allah our horses trampled over women and children of the idolaters. He said: They are from their fathers.' [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us with an army and said: 'If you see so-and-so, and so-and-so' referring to two men from the Quraish: 'then burn them with fire.' Then, upon our departure, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so, and so-and-so with fire, and indeed, none punishes with fire except Allah. So if you see them, then kill them.' There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas and Hamzah bin 'Amr Al-Aslami. [Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Abu Hurairah is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. In this Hadith, Muhammad bin Ishaq mentioned a man (narrating) between Sulaiman bin Yasar and Abu Hurairah. Others reported this Hadith the same as Al-Laith reported it(here, without a man between them). The narration of Al-Laith bin Sa'd is more appropriate and more correct.

Narrated Thawban: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Whoever dies and he is free of three: Kibr (Pride), Ghulul, and debt, he will enter paradise. There are narrations on this topic from Abu Hurairah and Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhni Footnote: Ghulul refers to goods stolen from the spoils of war, or concealed, before it is divided among the soldiers

Narrated Thawban: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Whoever's soul departs from his body while he is free of three: Kanz (buried treasure), Ghulul, and debt, then he will enter paradise. This is how Sa'eed narrated it: Kanz while Abu 'Awanah said in his narration: Kibr and he did not mention from Ma'dan in it. But the narration of Sa'eed is more correct.

Narrated Simak Abu Rumail Al-Hanafi: I heard Ibn 'Abbas saying: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated to me that he said: It was said: 'O Messenger of Allah! So-and-so has been martyred.' He said: No! I saw him in the fire of garment he pilfered from the spoils of war.' He said: 'Stand up O 'Umar! Call out that no one enters paradise except the believers.' Three times. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih Gharib.

Narrated Anas: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to go to battle with Umm Sulaim, and other women with her, from the Ansar, who would give water and attend to the wounded. [Abu 'Eisa said:] There is something on this topic from Ar-Rabi' bin Mu'awwidh. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated 'Ali: From the Prophet (ﷺ), that Kisra sent him a gift so he accepted, and that kings gave him gifts and he accepted them. There is something about this from Jabir. This is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. Thuwair (a narrator in the chain) is Ibn Abi Fakhitah, whose name was Sa'eed bin 'Illaqah, and Thuwair's Kunyah was Abu Jahm.

Narrated 'Iyad bin Himar: That he gave the Prophet (ﷺ) a gift or a camel, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Have you accepted Islam? He said: No. He said: Then I have been prohibited from the Zabd (gift) of the idolaters. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. And the meaning of his saying: I haven been prohibited from the Zabd (gifts) of the idolaters is their gifts. It has been reported about the Messenger (ﷺ) that he used to accept the gifts of the idolaters while a dislike for that is mentioned in this Hadith. And the implication is that this was after he used to accept from them, and then he later forbade their gifts.

Narrated Abu Bakrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) was met by some affair that made him happy, so he prostrated to Allah. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib, we do not know of it except from this route, as a narration of Bakkar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they held the view that one could perform the prostration of gratitude. And Bakkar bin 'Adbul-'Aziz bin Abi Bakrah is Muqarib (average) in Hadith.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Indeed a woman grants (assurances of protection) to a people - meaning it is to be honored - from the Muslims. There is something on this topic from Umm Hani, and this Hadith is Hasan Gharib. I asked Muhammad and he said: This Hadith is Sahih. Kathir bin Ziad heard from Al-Walid bin Rabah, and Al-Walid bin Rabah heard from Abu Hurairah, and he is Muqarib (average) in Hadith.

Narrated Abu Al-Faid: I heard Sulaim bin 'Amir saying: 'There was a treaty between Mu'awiyah and the people of Rome. He was making an expedition into their lands so that when the period of the treaty was expires he would attack them. So when a man upon an animal' - or - 'upon a horse said: Allahu Akbar! Fulfillment not betrayal! - and it turned out to be 'Amr bin 'Abasah - Mu'awiyah asked him about that. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever has a treaty between himself and a people, then let him not violate the treaty nor try to change it until its time has passed, or , in retribution for a similar offense.' He said: So Mu'awiyah returned with the people. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Indeed the one who betrays will have a banner erected for him on the Day of Judgement. [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri, and Anas. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. I asked Muhammad about the Hadith of Suwaid, from Abu Ishaq, from 'Umarah bin 'Umair, from 'Ali, from the Prophet (ﷺ) who said: For every person who betrays there will be banner. He said: I do not know of this Hadith being Marfu'

Narrated Jabir: On the day of (the battle of) Al-Ahzab, Sa'd bin Mu'adh was struck by an arrow such that the upper vein or lower vein of his forearm was severed. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) tried to stop it with fire, but it made his arm bleed profusely so he left it. Then he did it another time but it caused it to bleed profusely. Upon seeing that he said: 'O Allah! Do not allow my soul depart until my eyes are comforted by elimination of Banu Quraizah.' He pressed his vein closed and it did not bleed a drop before they surrendered to the arbitration of Sa'd bin Mu'adh. He (the Prophet (ﷺ)) sent to him (Sa'd) who judged that their men should be killed, their women should be spared, and that the Muslims may share them among themselves. With this, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'You have judged according to Allah's judgement for them.' And they were four hundred. Then when he finished killing them, his vein opened up and he died. [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Abu Sa'eed and 'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Samurah bin Jundab: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Kill the elder men among the idolaters and spare the Sharkh amont them. And the Sharkh are the boys who did not begin to grow pubic hair. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Hajjaj bin Artah narrated similarly from Qatadah.

Narrated 'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi: We were presented to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the day of (the battle of) Quraizah. Whoever had pubic hair was killed and whoever did not was left to his way. I was of those who did not have pubic hair so I was left to my way. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. They consider pubic hair an indication of the age of responsibility, if it is not known whether he has had a wet dream, or his age. This is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq.

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib: From his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said during his Khutbah: Fulfill the allegiances sworn in Jahiliyyah for it - meaning Islam - does not add to them except in gravity. And do not initiate new allegiances in Islam. [He said:] There are narration on this topic from 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf, Umm Salamah, Jubair bin Mut'im, Abu Hurairah, Ibn 'Abbas, and Qais bin 'Asim. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Bajalah bin 'Abdah : I was a scribe for Jaz' bin Mu'awiyah at Manadhir when 'Umar's letter came to us (saying): 'Inspect the Zoroastrians around you to take the Jizyah from them. For indeed 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar.' [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan.

Narrated Bajalah: That 'Umar would not take the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians until 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) took Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar. There is more dialogue in the Hadith than this. And this Hadith is Hasan Sahih.